The division of the instruction for “men” (males) and “women” (females) shows this text concerns the worship assembly. Their roles within the assembly are not the same. Men are given roles of leadership and authority (v. 8), and women are to be in submission (vv. 11-14).

The exhortation to prayer in verse 1 is to be followed by all Christians always. Yet, Paul commands that this be done in the assembly as well. This command is specifically for “men [to] pray” (men – aner – male). Their approach to God in this public prayer is to be in holiness – piety, purity, righteousness, etc.  Their action of prayer should be without “wrath” – praying against others (cf. vv. 1-2) – and without “doubting” – lack of faith in the efficacy of prayer offered to God, and whether He hears (cf. James 1:6-7).

“In like manner” that Paul gave instruction for men, he gives instruction for women in the assembly. They are to “adorn (kosmeo; to put in proper order) themselves in modest (kosmios; orderly, i.e. decorous) apparel.” This instruction delves deeper than the surface. It is the outward agreement of the inward person of the heart – “which is proper for women professing godliness with good works.” A woman of godly order is to dress in a way which exhibits such. Paul describes such dress as that which is with “propriety (aidos; bashfulness) and moderation (sophrosyne; soundness of mind, i.e. sanity or self-control).” She recognizes the shame of nakedness (cf. Genesis 3:7, 10; Isaiah 20:2-4; Amos 2:16; Micah 1:11; Habakkuk 2:16), and dresses to cover it up (cf. Genesis 3:7-10, 21; Exodus 28:42; Isaiah 47:2-3). She also dresses “discreetly” (NASB), not showing an ostentatious and materialistic character (v. 9b).

The woman is also to recognize her submissive role, and is not to assume one of authority (cf. 1 Corinthians 14:34-35). Such a role comes from (1) the order of creation (v. 13), and (2) the matter of the woman’s transgression (v. 14). Despite the transgression, she can be saved through faith and submission to Christ, who, through coming in “childbirth,” also bestows upon the woman honor with her role in such (v. 15).

NOTE: Let us not fight against the appointed roles of God as did those in the past (cf. Numbers 16). They were punished, and we will be as well if we do not submit.